In
this post, we are going to address this issue from a truly intellectual
and narration-based perspective according to some renowned books.
Few points reputable books:
1- Whosoever separates even a little bit from the just ruler, he dies in ignorance.
(Sahih Bukhari, Volume 6, Page 2588, Kitab_al_Fitan)
(Sahih Muslim, Volume 3, Page 1476)
2- Killing anyone who causes discord is allowed.
(Sahih Muslim, Volume 3, Page 1480)
3- Even if the ruler harms your religion, be patient.
(Ibne Abi Sheebah, Volume 6, Page 544; Al-Amwal Al-Ibne Zanjwyah, Volume 1, Page 34)
4- Anyone who rises against the oppressing rulers shall rest in hell.
(Kitab_wa_Rsaail_wa_Fatawa Ibne Teemyah fil Fiqah, Volume 35, Page 12)
Now stating these facts from the above mentioned renowned books (of Ahl-Al-Sunnah),
we would like to elaborate the incident of #Karbala.
Imam Hussein (PBUH) denied the allegiance to #Yazid and set off for #Kufa. However, he was advised by certain persons (like Abdullah Ibne Umar) to not to do so but Imam #Hussein (PBUH) nevertheless decided to go to Kufa.
Imam Hussein Ibne #Ali (Peace be upon them both) explained about his goal of uprising as it has been narrated.
Imam Hussein realized that the religion had been abandoned.
“Imam Hussein (PBUH) came to these people only when he saw that the religion had been abandoned. So he struggled to re-establish those foundations which his grandfather (the Holy Prophet (PBUH)) had laid. But when they all confronted him and surrounded him, he said: Leave me and let me return!” They didn't accept and said that he must obey the orders of Ibne Zyaad but he preferred death over disgrace as the great men are like that.”
(Al-Tabsrah, Volume 2, Page 14 by Abi Al-Faraj Abd Al-Rahman Ibne Al-Jouzi, died 597 AH, Publishers: Dar Al-Kitab Al-Misri – Dar Al-Kitab Al-Lebanani – Egypt and Lebanon, 1390 AH, 1970 AD, First Edition, Researcher: Mostafa Abd Al-Wahid)
Imam Hussein (PBUH) has never accepted Yazid as the just caliph of the Muslims and he considered his caliphate over #Muslims as well as allegiance against the true spirit of #Islam.
Some of the most important verses and traditions about Imam Hussein Ibne Ali (Peace be upon them both):
A- Imam Hussein (PBUH) in Quran:
“Then whoever argues with you about it after [this] knowledge has come to you - say, "Come, let us call our sons and your sons, our women and your women, ourselves and yourselves, then supplicate earnestly [together] and invoke the curse of Allah upon the liars [among us]."
(Quran 3:61 – The verse of Mubahila)
“Allah intends only to remove from you the impurity [of sin], O people of the [Prophet's] household, and to purify you with [extensive] purification.”
(Quran 33:33 – The verse of Tatheer)
B- Imam Hussein (PBUH) in Prophet's (PBUH) traditions:
i- Manaqib Aal Abi Talib, Volume 4, Page 27; Almajam Al-Kabir, Volume 1, Page 129; Kinz Al-Aamaal, Volume 6, Page 221; Tazkirah Al-Khawas, Page 234.
ii- The one dear to heart of the #Prophet (PBUH) (Sunnan Al-Trimzi, Volume 5, Page 323, Narration 3861; Masnad Abi Hareyrah, Volume 11, Page 78)
iii- The master of the youth of the Paradise (Al-Tabqat Al-Kubra, Volume 8, Page 30; Al-Majam Al-Kabir, Volume 3, Page 24; Tareekh Baghdad, Volume 1, Page 40; Al-Mustadrak Ala Al-Sahihaein, Volume 3, Page 167)
iv- Enmity of Hussein is enmity of Prophet (Peace be upon them both) (Al-Majam Al-Kabir, Volume 3, Page 40; Majma Al-Zwaid, Volume 9, Page 180)
v- Inflicting pain to Ahl Al-Bayt is inflicting pain to God (Shwahid Al-Tanzil, Volume 2, Page 93; Sharf Al-Mustafa, Chapter 27)
vi- Holy Prophet's (PBUH) prediction about martyrdom of Imam Hussein (Al-Tazkirah fil mout wa Amoor Al-Akhirah, Shams Al-Din Abi Abdallah Muhammad Ibne Abi Bakr Ibne Farh Al-Ansar Al-Qartbi, 671 AH, A renowned Sunni Scholar in Dar-Al-Kitab Al-Ilmiah, Beirut, Lebanon, First Edition, 1985 AD, Page 404-405, Page 646)
vii- Wailing by Holy Prophet (PBUH) over martyrdom of Imam Hussein (PBUH) (Albidayah wa Al-Nihayah, Volume 8, Page 217, Maqtal Khwarizmi, Volume 1, Page 88; Zakhaair Al-Aqbi, Page 119)
C- Imam Hussein (PBUH) as narrated by the companions of the Holy Prophet (PBUH)_(Sahabah)
i- Umar Ibne Khattaab has bore witness over the greatness and righteousness (Al-Asabah, Volume 1, Page 333)
ii- Further References: Tarikh Ibne Asaakr, Volume 4, Page 314; Al-Asaba Volume 1, Page 335; Al-Hassan Ibne Ali by Kamil Suleman, Page 173; Tarikh Ibne Asaakr, Volume 4, Page 339
What some of the scholars believe about Yazid Ibne Muawiyah:
i- The one who abandoned Salah (prayers)
ii- The one who used to drink
iii- The one who committed adultery with his mother, sister and daughter
iv- The one who used to play with monkey
v- The one who was vicious
vi- The one who was enemy of the household of the Prophet (PBUH)
(Tarikh Tibri, Volume 4, Page 369 + Volume 7, Page 4; Tarikh Ibne Aseer, Volume 4, Page 40-41; Tarikh Ibne Kathir, Volume 8, Page 216; Al-Aqd Al-Freid, Volume 4, Page 388; Al-Bidaya wa Al-Nihaya, Volume 8, Page 228, 235, 236, 252; Tarikh Madina Al-Damishq, Ibne Asaakr, Volume 65, Page 403 and 406 + Volume 27, Page 429; Al-Kamil Ibne Aseer, Volume 4, Page 103; Seir Aelam Al-Nabla, Volume 4, Page 37; Altabqaat Al-Kubraa, Ibne Saad, Volume 5, Page 66; Al-Kamil, Volume 3, Page 310; Tarikh Al-Khulfa, Page 165; Al-Bayan wa Al-Tibyeen, Jahiz(255), Volume 1, Page 276; Al-Nasaab Al-Ashraaf, Blazri(279), Volume 2, Page 191)
Imam Hussein (PBUH) for these reason considered him long away from religion and also the one responsible for deviating other Muslims from the right path. Hence he considered allegiance to such a person as illegal and his caliphate to be not in accordance with the teachings of Islam. Religious scholars also forbid the allegiance to a person with above mentioned attributes.
What Yazid Ibne Muawiyah did?
1- Killed Imam Hussain (PBUH) and his companions (peace be upon them)
2- Disgraced the members of the Prophet's (PBUH) household.
3- Attacked #Madina followed by mass #killings and #rape (The Tragedy of Hurrah)
(Seir Aeilaam Al-Niblaa, Zahbi, Volume 4, Page 228; Al-Bidayah wa Al-Nihayah, Volume 8, Page 241-242). 4- Attacked Mecca; setting Kaaba on fire and brutal killing of the people of #Mecca
(Tarikh Yaqoobi, Volume 2, Page 253)
1- Whosoever separates even a little bit from the just ruler, he dies in ignorance.
(Sahih Bukhari, Volume 6, Page 2588, Kitab_al_Fitan)
(Sahih Muslim, Volume 3, Page 1476)
2- Killing anyone who causes discord is allowed.
(Sahih Muslim, Volume 3, Page 1480)
3- Even if the ruler harms your religion, be patient.
(Ibne Abi Sheebah, Volume 6, Page 544; Al-Amwal Al-Ibne Zanjwyah, Volume 1, Page 34)
4- Anyone who rises against the oppressing rulers shall rest in hell.
(Kitab_wa_Rsaail_wa_Fatawa Ibne Teemyah fil Fiqah, Volume 35, Page 12)
Now stating these facts from the above mentioned renowned books (of Ahl-Al-Sunnah),
we would like to elaborate the incident of #Karbala.
Imam Hussein (PBUH) denied the allegiance to #Yazid and set off for #Kufa. However, he was advised by certain persons (like Abdullah Ibne Umar) to not to do so but Imam #Hussein (PBUH) nevertheless decided to go to Kufa.
Imam Hussein Ibne #Ali (Peace be upon them both) explained about his goal of uprising as it has been narrated.
Imam Hussein realized that the religion had been abandoned.
“Imam Hussein (PBUH) came to these people only when he saw that the religion had been abandoned. So he struggled to re-establish those foundations which his grandfather (the Holy Prophet (PBUH)) had laid. But when they all confronted him and surrounded him, he said: Leave me and let me return!” They didn't accept and said that he must obey the orders of Ibne Zyaad but he preferred death over disgrace as the great men are like that.”
(Al-Tabsrah, Volume 2, Page 14 by Abi Al-Faraj Abd Al-Rahman Ibne Al-Jouzi, died 597 AH, Publishers: Dar Al-Kitab Al-Misri – Dar Al-Kitab Al-Lebanani – Egypt and Lebanon, 1390 AH, 1970 AD, First Edition, Researcher: Mostafa Abd Al-Wahid)
Imam Hussein (PBUH) has never accepted Yazid as the just caliph of the Muslims and he considered his caliphate over #Muslims as well as allegiance against the true spirit of #Islam.
Some of the most important verses and traditions about Imam Hussein Ibne Ali (Peace be upon them both):
A- Imam Hussein (PBUH) in Quran:
“Then whoever argues with you about it after [this] knowledge has come to you - say, "Come, let us call our sons and your sons, our women and your women, ourselves and yourselves, then supplicate earnestly [together] and invoke the curse of Allah upon the liars [among us]."
(Quran 3:61 – The verse of Mubahila)
“Allah intends only to remove from you the impurity [of sin], O people of the [Prophet's] household, and to purify you with [extensive] purification.”
(Quran 33:33 – The verse of Tatheer)
B- Imam Hussein (PBUH) in Prophet's (PBUH) traditions:
i- Manaqib Aal Abi Talib, Volume 4, Page 27; Almajam Al-Kabir, Volume 1, Page 129; Kinz Al-Aamaal, Volume 6, Page 221; Tazkirah Al-Khawas, Page 234.
ii- The one dear to heart of the #Prophet (PBUH) (Sunnan Al-Trimzi, Volume 5, Page 323, Narration 3861; Masnad Abi Hareyrah, Volume 11, Page 78)
iii- The master of the youth of the Paradise (Al-Tabqat Al-Kubra, Volume 8, Page 30; Al-Majam Al-Kabir, Volume 3, Page 24; Tareekh Baghdad, Volume 1, Page 40; Al-Mustadrak Ala Al-Sahihaein, Volume 3, Page 167)
iv- Enmity of Hussein is enmity of Prophet (Peace be upon them both) (Al-Majam Al-Kabir, Volume 3, Page 40; Majma Al-Zwaid, Volume 9, Page 180)
v- Inflicting pain to Ahl Al-Bayt is inflicting pain to God (Shwahid Al-Tanzil, Volume 2, Page 93; Sharf Al-Mustafa, Chapter 27)
vi- Holy Prophet's (PBUH) prediction about martyrdom of Imam Hussein (Al-Tazkirah fil mout wa Amoor Al-Akhirah, Shams Al-Din Abi Abdallah Muhammad Ibne Abi Bakr Ibne Farh Al-Ansar Al-Qartbi, 671 AH, A renowned Sunni Scholar in Dar-Al-Kitab Al-Ilmiah, Beirut, Lebanon, First Edition, 1985 AD, Page 404-405, Page 646)
vii- Wailing by Holy Prophet (PBUH) over martyrdom of Imam Hussein (PBUH) (Albidayah wa Al-Nihayah, Volume 8, Page 217, Maqtal Khwarizmi, Volume 1, Page 88; Zakhaair Al-Aqbi, Page 119)
C- Imam Hussein (PBUH) as narrated by the companions of the Holy Prophet (PBUH)_(Sahabah)
i- Umar Ibne Khattaab has bore witness over the greatness and righteousness (Al-Asabah, Volume 1, Page 333)
ii- Further References: Tarikh Ibne Asaakr, Volume 4, Page 314; Al-Asaba Volume 1, Page 335; Al-Hassan Ibne Ali by Kamil Suleman, Page 173; Tarikh Ibne Asaakr, Volume 4, Page 339
What some of the scholars believe about Yazid Ibne Muawiyah:
i- The one who abandoned Salah (prayers)
ii- The one who used to drink
iii- The one who committed adultery with his mother, sister and daughter
iv- The one who used to play with monkey
v- The one who was vicious
vi- The one who was enemy of the household of the Prophet (PBUH)
(Tarikh Tibri, Volume 4, Page 369 + Volume 7, Page 4; Tarikh Ibne Aseer, Volume 4, Page 40-41; Tarikh Ibne Kathir, Volume 8, Page 216; Al-Aqd Al-Freid, Volume 4, Page 388; Al-Bidaya wa Al-Nihaya, Volume 8, Page 228, 235, 236, 252; Tarikh Madina Al-Damishq, Ibne Asaakr, Volume 65, Page 403 and 406 + Volume 27, Page 429; Al-Kamil Ibne Aseer, Volume 4, Page 103; Seir Aelam Al-Nabla, Volume 4, Page 37; Altabqaat Al-Kubraa, Ibne Saad, Volume 5, Page 66; Al-Kamil, Volume 3, Page 310; Tarikh Al-Khulfa, Page 165; Al-Bayan wa Al-Tibyeen, Jahiz(255), Volume 1, Page 276; Al-Nasaab Al-Ashraaf, Blazri(279), Volume 2, Page 191)
Imam Hussein (PBUH) for these reason considered him long away from religion and also the one responsible for deviating other Muslims from the right path. Hence he considered allegiance to such a person as illegal and his caliphate to be not in accordance with the teachings of Islam. Religious scholars also forbid the allegiance to a person with above mentioned attributes.
What Yazid Ibne Muawiyah did?
1- Killed Imam Hussain (PBUH) and his companions (peace be upon them)
2- Disgraced the members of the Prophet's (PBUH) household.
3- Attacked #Madina followed by mass #killings and #rape (The Tragedy of Hurrah)
(Seir Aeilaam Al-Niblaa, Zahbi, Volume 4, Page 228; Al-Bidayah wa Al-Nihayah, Volume 8, Page 241-242). 4- Attacked Mecca; setting Kaaba on fire and brutal killing of the people of #Mecca
(Tarikh Yaqoobi, Volume 2, Page 253)
Persons who have cursed Yazid Ibne Muawiyah:
i- Taftazani dar Sharh Al-Aqaaid Al-Nsfiyah: Mujala Tarasna, Mousisa Aal Albeit, Volume 50, Page 220 as narrated by Sharh Al-Aqaaid Al-Nsfiyah, Page 181
ii- Yaafeiee: Shzrat Min Zahab, Ibne Amad Hanbali, Volume 1, Page 68
iii- Aloosi: Tafseer Aloosi, Volume 6, Page 192; Volume 26, Page 74
iv- Sayooti: Al-Sayooti, Jalal Al-Din Abu Al-Fazl Abd Al-Rahman bin Abi Bakr (911 AH); Tarikh Al-Khulfa, Volume 1, Page 207, Researcher: Muhammad Muhei_ud_Din Abd Al-Hameed, Publisher Al-Saadah, Egypt, First Edition, 1371 AH, 1952 AD
Persons who have defended Yazid:
i- Ibne #Taimeeyah: Raas Al-Hussein, Ibne Teimeeyah, Page 200.
ii- Ibne Kathir: Al-Bidayah wa Al-Nihaya, Ibne Kathir, Volume 6, Page 256 + Volume 8, Page 254-255
Important is to decide who was on the right path as seen through this discussion. Did Imam Hussein (PBUH), the master of the youth of the Paradise, rebelled against the caliph of his time and (God forbid) died in ignorance. OR The uprising of Imam Hussein (PBUH) was alright and Yazid was the one abandoning religion.
What is our responsibility in our times? Should we show allegiance to any ruler without any hesitation or not?
Decide it yourselves!
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